Jinglong Black Pagoda in Jinghong City, XishuangBanna
Introduction
The Jinglong Black Pagoda (勐龙黑塔) is a significant cultural landmark located in Jinghong City (景洪市), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳). It serves as an important spiritual site for the Dai people (傣族) and is believed to bring joy and prosperity to the local community. The pagoda is steeped in legend, connected to Shakyamuni (释迦牟尼) Buddha, whose left foot is said to bless the nearby Manfeilong White Pagoda (曼飞龙白塔) with happiness, while the right foot blesses the Jinglong Black Pagoda with wealth. Clear spring water in the area is thought to have borrowed the Buddha’s staff, providing continuous blessings to the Dai people.
Historical Background
Construction and Restoration
The Jinglong Black Pagoda was originally constructed in 784 AD and underwent significant reconstruction in the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋嘉泰二年, 1202 AD). There are two prevailing theories about its origin: one claims it started in 1202 AD, while another suggests it was built even earlier than the Manfeilong White Pagoda, which dates to before 1204 AD.
The term “龙” in Dai language translates to “large,” and “篮” means “grandchild.” Thus, it is also referred to as the “Grandfather-Grandson Pagoda” (爷孙大塔), honoring the two ancestors who contributed the most to its construction. Originally adorned with colorful glass, the entire structure was primarily black, leading to its nickname “Black Pagoda.”
Architectural Features
Design and Structure
The Jinglong Black Pagoda features a square base measuring 17.9 meters on each side and stands at over 18 meters in height. The pagoda is hexagonal in shape and resembles a gourd, made from grey bricks and featuring a solid inner structure. Over time, it has been whitewashed multiple times, resulting in its current silver-white appearance.
Each tier of the main pagoda has copper bells hanging from its corners. Additionally, four decorative pillars are located at the corners, standing over two meters tall, designed for devotees to place offerings such as food, flowers, and incense.
Iconography
The architecture is rich in symbolism, with eight colorful dragon sculptures encircling the pagoda’s base, enhancing its grandeur and sacredness. The base is adorned with four lotus flowers, under which are sculptures of various creatures: a golden turtle, a crab, a python, and a peacock, each symbolizing different virtues in local culture.
Cultural Significance
The Black Pagoda has withstood the test of time for over 800 years. It has been a site of worship and cultural significance for the Dai community. In 1978, repairs included widening access roads and constructing a small pavilion to enhance visitor experience. A nearby temple houses a bronze statue of Buddha, gifted by friends from Thailand, and a 160 cm-long footprint, believed to have been left by the deity Pajao Gotama during his journeys to bless the people.
In 2002, the Jinglong Black Pagoda was designated as a second-class municipal cultural heritage site, highlighting its importance in local history and culture.
Location
The Jinglong Black Pagoda is situated in Menglong Town (勐龙), about 60 kilometers from the southern edge of Jinghong City. This area is notable for its vast flatlands and dense population, making it one of the largest townships within Xishuangbanna.
Nearby Attractions
- Manfeilong White Pagoda (曼飞龙白塔): Located 3 kilometers north of the Black Pagoda, it also holds cultural significance and is linked to local legends about the Buddha.
- Menglong Temple (勐龙佛寺): A nearby temple where visitors can experience local religious practices and culture.
How to Get There
To reach the Jinglong Black Pagoda, visitors can choose from several transport options:
- By Bus: Regular buses operate from Jinghong City to Menglong Town. The journey typically takes about 1-2 hours. Check schedules at Jinghong’s main bus station.
- By Car: Renting a car or hiring a taxi is a convenient option for those who prefer flexibility. The scenic drive along the countryside offers beautiful views.
- Guided Tours: Some local travel agencies offer guided tours that include transportation to various attractions, including the Black Pagoda.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Plan your visit during local festivals, especially the Dai New Year or the Pagoda Festival (赕塔节), to witness vibrant cultural activities.
- Cultural Respect: Dress modestly and follow local customs when entering religious sites. Remove shoes before entering the pagoda and temple areas.
- Photography Etiquette: While capturing the unique architecture is encouraged, be respectful of the spiritual significance and avoid using flash photography inside temples.
- Local Cuisine: Don’t miss the opportunity to try local Dai dishes available in nearby eateries. Be sure to sample traditional foods, such as bamboo rice and spicy salads.
- Water Supply: Bring water with you, especially during warmer months, as it can get quite hot in the region.
