Bi Guangming – Craftsman of Yi Musical Instruments in Shilin County, Kunming
Early Life and Training
Bi Guangming (毕光明) was born in December 1948 in Daba Mao Village, Xijiekou Town, within the Shilin Yi Autonomous County in Kunming, Yunnan. He hailed from a family deeply rooted in the traditions of the Yi ethnic group, specifically the Sani subgroup. His early exposure to Yi culture and music shaped his future path.
At the age of eight, Bi began learning the art of playing the Yi three-stringed musical instrument, also known as the Sanxian, from his father and other local folk musicians. The Sanxian is an integral part of Yi culture, especially the Sani three-stringed dance, which is known for its energetic and expressive performances.
Mastery of Yi Music and Instrument Crafting
Bi Guangming’s talent in both playing and crafting the Yi three-stringed instrument grew rapidly. He became particularly skilled in making the Sani Big Sanxian, a larger and more complex version of the instrument that is used in Sani three-stringed dance music. This musical style is known for its vibrant rhythm and expressive melodies, often reflecting the exuberant and outgoing nature of the Sani people.
The Three-Stringed Dance (撒尼大三弦)
The Sani Big Sanxian is central to the Sani three-stringed dance, a traditional dance that combines music, movement, and storytelling. Bi’s mastery in playing this instrument allowed him to perform with unmatched energy and passion, embodying the joyous spirit of the Yi people. His performances were not just musical but also an immersive expression of Yi culture, often used during celebrations, festivals, and religious ceremonies.
Craftsmanship: King of the Three-Stringed Instrument
Bi Guangming became renowned for his exceptional craftsmanship in creating the Sani Big Sanxian. His instruments were prized for their clear tone, rich resonance, and robust construction. His reputation for quality workmanship led to the popular saying that he was the “King of the Three-Stringed Instrument.” His Sanxians were in demand not only in his local community but also in other Yi-speaking regions of Yunnan.
Contribution to Cultural Preservation and Promotion
Bi Guangming was a fervent advocate for the preservation of Yi music and the Sani Big Sanxian tradition. He actively participated in various intangible cultural heritage programs and cultural exchange activities. He traveled widely, sharing his musical expertise and the rich history of the Yi people with diverse audiences.
Passing the Craft to Future Generations
Throughout his life, Bi was also committed to teaching the younger generation of Yi people. He trained many apprentices and helped ensure that the tradition of Yi three-stringed music and instrument-making would continue beyond his lifetime. He personally passed on his skills to his children, and his influence spread to numerous students in Shilin and the surrounding areas.
National Recognition
Bi’s extraordinary contributions to the preservation of Yi musical traditions earned him numerous accolades:
- 2018: Bi was designated as a national representative inheritor of the Yi three-stringed dance (Sani Big Sanxian) by the State Council of China. This recognition honored his role in preserving and promoting this key aspect of Yi intangible cultural heritage.
- 2022: Bi was evaluated as Excellent during the annual evaluation of national intangible cultural heritage representatives. This further cemented his legacy as a master craftsman and musician.
Legacy and Influence
Bi Guangming’s legacy extends far beyond his lifetime. His contributions to Yi culture—particularly the Sani Big Sanxian and three-stringed dance—have made him a legendary figure within the Yi community and the broader field of traditional Chinese music. His instruments, performances, and teachings continue to inspire new generations of musicians and craftsmen.
Bi’s work has ensured that the Sani Big Sanxian will remain a living tradition for future generations, and his passionate commitment to his craft will be remembered as a pivotal part of the Yi ethnic heritage.
Final Days and Passing
Bi Guangming passed away on January 22, 2023, during the Chinese New Year (the first day of the lunar new year). His death marked the loss of a cultural icon, but his legacy lives on in the hearts of the Yi people and the many individuals he mentored throughout his life. His contributions to the art of Yi music and instrument-making will continue to be celebrated for generations to come.
Conclusion
Bi Guangming’s life and work stand as a testament to the power of cultural preservation and artistic dedication. Through his musical mastery, craftsmanship, and commitment to teaching, he not only preserved the Sani Big Sanxian tradition but also brought it to a broader audience. He will always be remembered as the King of the Three-Stringed Instrument, and his contributions to the Yi people’s cultural heritage will endure for many years to come.
