Nanzhai Gongfang Ancient Tea Horse Caravan in Gaoligong Mountain, Baoshan
Chinese Name:南斋公房茶马古道
English Name: Nanzhai Gongfang Ancient Tea Horse Caravan in Gaoligong Mountain, Baoshan
Location and Name Origin: Nanzhai Gongfang is located in Gaoligong Mountain at an elevation of 3,150 meters. The name originated from a devout Buddhist volunteer who settled here to provide food and lodging for travelers. Historically, Nanzhai Gongfang, Beishai Gongfang, and the Hongmushu Path were three important ancient routes of the Southern Silk Road connecting Baoshan and Tengchong. These paths were strategically significant due to their treacherous terrain.
Historical Significance:
- Strategic Importance: The ancient routes, including Nanzhai Gongfang, were crucial for military and trade purposes. Over seventy years ago, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the 198th Division of the 54th Army of the 20th Group Army fought fiercely against Japanese forces on these paths. The battles along these routes, including the Battle of Datangzi, Battle of Nanzhai Gongfang, Battle of Dajian Mountain, and Battle of Linjia Shop, were intense and significant, with many soldiers and enemies losing their lives.
- Trekking Route: Today, Nanzhai Gongfang is known for its well-established and relatively safe trekking route across Gaoligong Mountain. It is a popular choice for hikers due to its moderate difficulty compared to Beishai Gongfang.
Cultural Heritage of Tengchong:
- Quishi Bronze Artifact: In January 1989, Zhang Daoyi, a farmer from Zhangjia Village in Tengchong, discovered a bronze altar while digging. This artifact, identified as a Grade One Cultural Relic, represents typical Spring and Autumn and Warring States period bronze culture.
- Jiangju Village: Jiangju Village is known for its historical printing workshop, Doyu Tang Book House, which printed many books during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Only one set of woodblock printing plates remains. The village also features a unique house built entirely on a stone and streets paved with blue stone slabs.
- Historical Significance of Jiangju: Although now somewhat desolate, Jiangju was once a bustling post station on the Silk Road. It was a critical supply and rest stop for muleteers traveling across Gaoligong Mountain. The area had numerous shops and guesthouses, with up to ten horse shops at its peak. Horses and muleteers frequently passed through, creating a lively atmosphere with the sound of bells and songs echoing through the forest.
Modern Experience:
- Ancient Stone Steps: The ancient stone steps, covered with leaves and moss, still show the deep footprints left by muleteers. Linjia Shops along the route were traditional resting places for travelers.
- Challenging Conditions: At 3,150 meters, the altitude presents challenging conditions, including thin air and altitude sickness. Historically, this high elevation, combined with the arduous journey, made it a place where many travelers perished.
Legacy: Nanzhai Gongfang remains a testament to its historical and strategic importance. The area still features remnants of World War II trenches and fortifications, preserving the memory of the fierce battles fought here.
