River rafting requires specific equipment to ensure safety and enjoyment. Here are the essential items:

1. Raft or Kayak: The primary vessel used for navigating rivers. Rafts are larger and can accommodate more people, while kayaks are smaller and usually for individual use.
2. Paddle: Essential for maneuvering the raft or kayak through the water. Each participant typically has a paddle.
3. Helmet: Protects the head from potential impacts with rocks or other obstacles in the river.
4. Personal Flotation Device (PFD): Also known as a life jacket, it keeps participants afloat in case of a fall into the water.
5. Wetsuit or Drysuit: Depending on water temperature, participants wear either to stay warm in cold water or dry in wet conditions.
6. River Shoes: Provide grip and protection for feet while navigating rocky river beds.
7. Throw Rope: A rescue tool used to assist others who have fallen into the water or to retrieve equipment.
8. Dry Bag: Waterproof storage for personal items like clothes, snacks, and cameras.
9. First Aid Kit: Contains basic medical supplies for emergencies.
10. Whistle: Used as a signaling device in case of emergency.
11. Communication Device: Such as a waterproof radio or a phone in a waterproof case, to communicate with others or call for help if needed.
12. Sun Protection: Sunglasses with straps, sunscreen, and a hat to protect from the sun’s glare and UV rays.

These items vary based on the level of difficulty of the river and local regulations. Ensuring all participants wear appropriate safety gear and are familiar with its use is crucial for a safe and enjoyable rafting experience.