Overview

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Overview of Introducion

Chinese Name: 禄丰县苗族花山节
English Name: Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Lufeng County, Chuxiong
Location: Hongtushan Village of Qinfeng Town in Lufeng County/禄丰勤丰镇红土山村

The Flower Mountain Festival is a cherished tradition among the Miao ethnic group, celebrated by Miao communities in central Yunnan Province on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, which aligns with the Duanwu Festival. This festival boasts a profound historical legacy. Legend has it that during ancient times in China’s tribal era, conflicts among tribes led to the defeat of the Miao chieftain. Faced with adversity, the Miao people were forced to leave their homes and wander, becoming separated from their families. In a bid to reunite, they selected a lofty mountain where they erected a flower pole adorned with red silk atop its summit. Gathering around this pole, they played lusheng—a traditional wind instrument—and performed lusheng dances, expressing both sorrow and joy.

More Details

Word of the flower pole and the sound of the lusheng reached dispersed relatives, prompting them to spread the news far and wide. Soon, people from all directions flocked to the site, resulting in a joyous reunion of long-lost kin. Hence, every fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the Miao people erect a flower pole on an open highland, gathering to play lusheng and dance lusheng dances. This annual tradition has solidified into the Flower Mountain Festival of the Miao ethnic group.

The Flower Mountain Festival carries deep cultural significance, symbolizing themes of reunion, unity, and communal gatherings. It serves as a poignant celebration of familial reunions and mutual blessings, embodying the unity, harmony, and aspirations for a better life that resonate across generations of Miao people.

Hosted by: Cuihua Town, Lufeng County. Event Date: June 14, 2021. Event Theme: 2021 Flower Mountain Festival.

Bullfighting stands out as one of the liveliest activities during the Miao Flower Mountain Festival, attracting participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds who gather together to cheer and revel in the excitement.

The Miao Flower Mountain Festival in Lufeng County is an annual event held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, coinciding with the Duanwu Festival. Festivities include bullfighting, flower pole worship, lusheng dancing, flower pole climbing, cockfighting, crossbow shooting, and more. In recent years, with its grand scale and vibrant atmosphere, the Flower Mountain Festival has emerged as a splendid emblem of ethnic cultural tourism in Lufeng County.
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Basic Introduction

Chinese Name: 元谋县羊街镇苗族花山节
English Name: Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Yuanmou County, Chuxiong
Location:元谋县羊街镇/Yanjie Town, Yuanmou County

The Huashan Festival, also known as “Jumping the Field,” “Jumping Flowers,” “Playing with Flower Hills,” and “Stepping on Flower Hills,” is a festival that honors the ancient Miao ancestor “Chiyou.” It usually takes place between the first and the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. The main activities include climbing flower poles, singing contests, playing the bamboo flute, practicing martial arts, and horse racing and bullfighting.

Historical Origins

The ancestors of the Miao people faced invasions from foreign tribes, and under the leadership of their chief Chiyou, they rose up in resistance. However, they were ultimately defeated due to being outnumbered and were forced to scatter in all directions. To gather his people, Miao chief Chiyou erected a flower pole on the mountain and instructed the musicians to play the bamboo flute. Upon hearing the familiar sound of the flute, the Miao people flocked from all directions to gather under the flower pole and began to rebuild their lives. Since then, the Miao people have held the “Huashan Festival” every year to commemorate their chief Chiyou and to celebrate the reconstruction of their new life.

Main Activities

The Miao Huashan Festival is held annually from the second to the sixth day of the lunar month. During this time, Miao people from all directions flood into the Flower Mountain area like a tide. They dance the three-step dance and the kicking dance around the “flower pole,” play bamboo flute ensembles, perform lion dances, and engage in bullfighting, creating a joyous atmosphere throughout the Flower Mountain area. Young men and women sing mountain songs to express their affection for each other; once they fall in love, they exchange tokens of love, pledging their commitment to a lifelong partnership.

Basic Introduction

• Chinese Name: 蒙自市苗族花山节
• English Name: Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Mengzi City, Honghe
• Location:蒙自县老寨苗族乡老寨村委会羊街子村/蒙自市文澜镇白路脚村委会豹子洞村/Yangjiezicun Village, Laozhai Village Committee, Laozhai Miao Township, Mengzi
• Festival Dates: From the second to the sixth day of the first month of the lunar calendar

The Miao Flower Mountain Festival is a traditional folk activity popular in the Pingbian Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province and is recognized as a national-level intangible cultural heritage.

The Flower Mountain Festival, also known as “Jumping Ground,” “Jumping Flowers,” “Playing with Flower Mountain,” and “Stepping on Flower Mountain,” is a holiday to honor the ancient Miao ancestor “Chiyou.” It typically takes place between the first and fifteenth days of the first month of the lunar calendar. The main activities include climbing flower poles, singing duets, dancing with reed pipes, practicing martial arts, and horse racing and bullfighting.

On November 11, 2014, the Miao Flower Mountain Festival, applied for by Pingbian Miao Autonomous County in Yunnan Province, was approved by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China and included in the fourth batch of the national intangible cultural heritage list.

Historical Origins

The Miao ancestors’ tribe was invaded by external tribes, and the Miao people, led by their leader Chiyou, rose up to resist. However, they were ultimately defeated due to being outnumbered and were forced to scatter. To rally his people, Miao leader Chiyou erected a flower pole on the mountain and had the reed pipe players blow their instruments. Upon hearing the familiar sound of the pipes, Miao people gathered from all directions under the flower pole to begin anew. Since then, the Miao people have held the “Flower Mountain Festival” every year to commemorate their leader Chiyou and to celebrate the Miao people’s rebuilding of their new life.

Folk Customs

Main Activities

The Miao Flower Mountain Festival is held from the second to the sixth day of the first month of the lunar calendar each year. During this time, Miao people from all directions flood into the Flower Mountain venue like a tide. They dance the Three-Step Dance and the Stomping Dance around the “flower pole,” perform on the “reed pipe stage,” do the Lion Dance, and engage in bullfighting, creating a festive atmosphere throughout the Flower Mountain venue. Young men and women sing mountain songs to each other, expressing their affection. Once they fall in love, they exchange tokens of love, promising to be together for life.

Activity Flow

Miao Bullfighting

Bullfighting is a very important aspect of the Miao Flower Mountain Festival. It embodies the Miao people’s admiration for strength and robust physique, while also expressing their hopes for favorable weather, abundant harvests, and prosperity for livestock in the coming year.

Miao Climbing the Flower Pole

To set up the Flower Mountain, a flower pole must first be erected; without the pole, there can be no Flower Mountain. The flower pole is made from a straight fir tree, approximately 30 meters tall, with the bark stripped and branches trimmed, leaving only the lush crown. It is then planted upright in the center of the chosen Flower Mountain venue. At a height of about two to three meters from the top of the pole, colorful long banners in red, yellow, blue, and white are hung, along with items symbolizing celebration and rewards for the successful climbers, such as reed pipes, pig heads, and several bottles of white liquor.

Miao Singing Contests

An interesting activity at the Flower Mountain Festival is the singing contest between young Miao men and women. This form of singing serves as a way for them to meet, get acquainted, and express their affection for one another. During traditional activities like bullfighting, horse racing, and climbing the flower pole, some eager participants may have already identified their singing partners. They move about, scanning the area and gravitating toward attractive prospects. Upon reaching a girl, they open an umbrella to shield her, clear their throats, and begin to sing a melodious and heartfelt love song. The girl, sheltered under the umbrella, listens attentively while gauging her suitor with her eyes. If she finds him unsatisfactory, she may remain silent or hum a few lines politely to decline. If she is interested, she will respond with a sweet refrain.

Miao Reed Pipe Competition

The reed pipe competition is an important component of the Flower Mountain Festival and a beloved form of entertainment among the Miao people. The vibrant and colorful Flower Mountain venue is filled with beautiful and melodious reed pipe tunes, accompanied by lively and delightful reed pipe dances.

Cultural Characteristics

Prominent Folk Customs

The customs of the Flower Mountain Festival are primarily demonstrated through procedures such as erecting the pole, offering sacrifices at the pole, and retrieving the pole. Each step includes sacrificial words that represent the local culture. The duet singing of mountain songs and the reed pipe dance are significant components of the festival activities. The host and the reed pipe performers must complete the “Song of the Origin of the Flower Mountain” before other songs or reed pipe tunes can be casually sung or played. Furthermore, every singer must start their first song in the Flower Mountain venue with the “Song of the Origin of the Flower Mountain.” This seemingly simple requirement reflects the distinctive customs of the festival, with the movements of the reed pipe dance conveying a primitive and rugged feel compared to modern dance styles.

The reed pipe dance mimics certain natural phenomena and the actions of daily life, expressing reverence for nature and ancestors, aiming to educate and entertain the people through divinity and labor. All activities during the Flower Mountain Festival must adhere to certain customary boundaries.

The display of clothing, however, is free, with patterns featuring “bracken,” “snails,” “peach blossoms,” and others symbolizing the environments experienced during the migration history of the Miao people, serving as indelible memories. In traditional horse racing during the festival, riders do not use saddles; instead, they simply use a cloth laid on the horse’s back. The competition primarily focuses on the rider’s horsemanship, coordination with the horse, and various gaits of the horse.

Broad Participation

During the Flower Mountain Festival, friends and relatives from all directions gather to exchange knowledge and experience social interactions. People converge on the Flower Mountain, expressing their joy, especially young women and men, who seize the opportunity to showcase their talents and find romantic connections. Every Miao person feels a sense of warmth from participating in the festival, leading to a natural sense of identity, increased ethnic cohesion, and the promotion of harmonious national development. The Flower Mountain Festival has emerged as a traditional celebration centered around the Miao people while bringing together various ethnic groups in joy, symbolizing ethnic unity and harmony.

Tradition and Legacy

As a traditional festival of the Miao people, the information conveyed through the processes of erecting the pole, offering sacrifices, and retrieving the pole directly expresses the unique charm inherent to the Miao culture. This intrinsic aspect has been passed down through generations via actions and spoken language over hundreds of years. The top of the flower pole is adorned with lush green treetops, symbolizing vitality.

The reed pipe dance, with its graceful movements reminiscent of dance and the strength of martial arts, retains the earnest emotional expression of the Miao people. The vibrant folk arts demonstrated in clothing, including floral patterns, embroidery, hemp satin, wax dyeing, and silver accessories, showcase the richness and diversity of Miao culture. The extensive activity content of the Flower Mountain Festival reflects the long-term accumulation of the Miao people’s material and spiritual lives over centuries, profoundly embodying the essence of Miao traditional culture.

Overview

• Chinese Name:  金平县苗族花山节
• English Name: Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Jinping County, Honghe
• Location: Jinping County, Honghe

The Huashan Festival, also known as “Tiaochang,” “Tiaohua,” “Shuahuas山,” and “Caihuashan,” is a festival that honors the ancient ancestors of the Miao ethnic group, particularly “Chiyou.” It usually takes place between the first and fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar. Main activities include climbing the flower pole, singing duets, dancing with the lusheng (a traditional reed wind instrument), practicing martial arts, horse racing, and bullfighting.

Historical Origins

The Miao people’s ancestors faced invasions from foreign tribes. Under the leadership of their chief, Chiyou, the Miao people rose up in resistance. However, they were ultimately defeated due to their smaller numbers and were forced to scatter. To gather his people, Miao leader Chiyou erected a flower pole on the mountain and had the lusheng musicians blow their instruments. Upon hearing the familiar sound of the lusheng, the Miao people began to converge from all directions to the base of the flower pole and started life anew. Since then, the Miao people have held the “Huashan Festival” every year to commemorate their leader Chiyou and celebrate the rebuilding of their new lives.

Main Activities

The Miao Huashan Festival is held annually from the second to the sixth day of the first month in the lunar calendar. During this time, Miao people from all directions stream into the Huashan grounds like a tidal wave. They engage in activities around the “flower pole,” such as performing the three-step dance, the kicking dance, playing the lusheng, dancing the lion dance, and bullfighting. The entire Huashan area is filled with joy and excitement. Young men and women sing mountain songs to each other, expressing their affection; once they fall in love, they exchange tokens of love, pledging themselves to one another for life.

• Miao Bullfighting: Bullfighting is a significant aspect of the Miao Huashan Festival. It embodies the Miao people’s esteem for strength and a robust physique, reflecting their hopes for favorable weather, abundant crops, and thriving livestock in the coming year.
• Miao Climbing the Flower Pole: To start the flower mountain festivities, a flower pole must be erected; without it, there is no flower mountain. The flower pole is made from a straight fir tree, about 30 meters tall, with its bark removed and branches trimmed, leaving only a lush green crown. It is then planted at the center of the designated flower mountain area. At a distance of about two to three meters from the top of the pole, colorful banners in red, yellow, blue, and white are hung, along with lusheng instruments, a pig’s head, and several jin of white liquor as symbols of celebration and rewards for those who successfully climb the pole.
• Miao Singing Duets: Another interesting activity during the Huashan Festival is the duet singing between Miao boys and girls. This form of singing serves as a way for them to get to know one another, understand each other, and express their affections. While traditional activities like bullfighting, horse racing, and climbing the flower pole are taking place, some eager participants may be “multitasking” and already scouting for duet partners. They wander around, searching, and make their way toward the individuals they have chosen to duet with. Upon reaching a girl, they open a floral umbrella over her, clear their throats, and begin to sing a tender and melodious love song. The girl under the umbrella listens attentively, eyeing her suitor. If she feels unsatisfied, she may remain silent or sing a line or two politely to decline. If she finds him suitable, she responds with a gentle reply.
• Miao Lusheng Competition: The lusheng competition is an important part of the Huashan Festival and is a beloved form of entertainment for the Miao people. The vibrant Huashan grounds are filled with beautiful and melodious lusheng tunes and lively, delightful lusheng dances.

Overview

• Chinese Name:  中越边境苗族花山节
• English Name: Sino-Vietnam Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Hekou County, Honghe
• Location: 河口县苗族壮族乡老街子村/Laojizi Village of Qiaotou Miao, Hekou County

Sino-Vietnam Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Hekou County is held in Laojiezi Village of Qiaotou Miao and Zhuang Ethnic Town.This festival, often held annually, brings together not only local Miao communities but also other ethnic groups and visitors from various regions, including neighboring Vietnam. It serves as a platform for cultural exchange, performance, and the preservation of Miao customs.

Key Features of the Huashan Festival:

1. Cultural Performances: The festival is renowned for its lively cultural performances, which include traditional Miao music, dance, and drama. Participants often don colorful traditional costumes adorned with intricate embroidery and silver accessories, showcasing the artistic craftsmanship of the Miao people.
2. Flower Symbolism: The name “Huashan” translates to “Flower Mountain,” and flowers play a significant role in the festival. The Miao often celebrate nature, and the festival involves rituals that honor the beauty of flowers, representing vitality and abundance. Flower-wearing traditions are an important aspect, with participants wearing flowers in their hair or clothing.
3. Singing Competitions: An essential element of the festival is the singing competition, where Miao individuals and groups showcase their vocal talents. The songs often express themes related to love, work, and the beauty of nature, reflecting the Miao’s connection to their environment and cultural values.
4. Traditional Sports and Games: The festival features various traditional sports and games, providing entertainment and encouraging friendly competition among attendees. Activities may include tug-of-war, archery, and other folk games that engage participants and foster community spirit.
5. Culinary Traditions: Food is central to the festival, with numerous food stalls and communal feasts featuring traditional Miao cuisine. Dishes may include rice, meats, and various local delicacies, allowing attendees to experience the rich flavors of Miao culinary traditions.
6. Cultural Exchange: The Huashan Festival promotes cultural dialogue and understanding between the Miao and other ethnic groups, including the Vietnamese community, celebrating shared customs and fostering goodwill among participants.
7. Community and Family Focus: The festival provides an occasion for families and communities to come together, reinforcing social ties and celebrating their shared heritage. This aspect is particularly important for the Miao community, where collective identity and family bonds are integral to cultural continuity.

Conclusion

The Sino-Vietnam Huashan Festival of the Miao Ethnic Minority in Hekou County serves as a vibrant celebration of the Miao culture, showcasing its unique traditions, arts, and community spirit. Through music, dance, food, and shared experiences, the festival not only preserves the Miao’s cultural heritage but also fosters understanding and friendship among different ethnic groups. As a dynamic and colorful event, it reflects the living culture of the Miao people and their connection to their land and traditions.

Overview of Huashan Festival

• Chinese Name:文山州砚山县花山节
• English Name: Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Yanshan County, Wenshan
• Location:文山州砚山县平远镇回龙村/砚山县干河乡卡吉村委会新发寨/砚山县盘龙彝族乡响水龙村/
  Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Yanshan County is held in Huilong Village of Pingyuan Town, Xiangshuilong Village of Panlong Yi Ethnic Town and Xinfazhai Village of Ganhe Town.

The Huashan Festival, also known as the Flower Mountain Festival, usually takes place in the third month of the lunar calendar. It is primarily a celebration of the arrival of spring and the farming season, symbolizing renewal and abundance. The festival is deeply rooted in Miao culture, representing their connection to nature, agricultural cycles, and cultural heritage.

Local Activities during the Huashan Festival

1. Rituals and Ceremonies

The festival often begins with traditional rituals performed to honor ancestors, local deities, and the spirits of nature. These rituals may include offerings, prayers, and blessings to ensure a good harvest and prosperity for the community.

2. Traditional Music and Dance

One of the most prominent features of the Huashan Festival is the vibrant music and dance performances. Miao people dress in colorful traditional attire and participate in group dances, often accompanied by local musical instruments such as the lusheng (a bamboo pipe instrument) and drums. These performances bring a lively energy to the celebration and showcase the community’s artistic heritage.

3. Culinary Delights

Local cuisine plays a vital role during the festival. Various traditional dishes are prepared, often featuring local ingredients such as rice, vegetables, and meats. Families come together to share meals, symbolizing unity and the joy of harvest.

4. Arts and Crafts Exhibitions

The Huashan Festival also features exhibitions of traditional Miao arts and crafts, including intricate embroidery, silver jewelry, and handmade textiles. These exhibits allow visitors to appreciate the skill and creativity of Miao artisans and provide opportunities for cultural exchange.

5. Competitions and Games

Fun and competitive activities such as tug-of-war, archery, and traditional sports are organized during the festival. These games are not only entertaining but also serve to strengthen community bonds and promote teamwork among participants.

6. Flower Picking Activities

As the name “Huashan” (Flower Mountain) suggests, events may include flower-picking activities where participants gather wildflowers in the surrounding areas. This not only celebrates the beauty of nature but also serves as a metaphor for love and friendship, as people exchange flowers as gifts.

7. Cultural Performances

In addition to traditional dances, skits, and plays reflecting Miao mythology and history may be performed. These cultural presentations provide insight into the beliefs, values, and traditions of the Miao people.

8. Social Gatherings

The festival is also an opportunity for socializing and community bonding. Friends and families reconnect, and it serves as a platform for young people to meet and form relationships, often using the festive atmosphere to express their feelings through songs and dances.

Overview

• Chinese Name:麻栗坡县苗族花山节
• English Name:Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Malipo County, Wenshan
• Location: Dayuanzi Village and Longshujiao Village of Donggan Town in Malipo County.

The Huashan Festival, celebrated by the Miao ethnic minority in Malipo County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, is a vibrant and significant cultural event that showcases the rich traditions and heritage of the Miao people. This festival is closely linked to agricultural practices and community bonding, often reflecting the values, beliefs, and artistic expressions of the Miao community.

Purpose

The Huashan Festival typically takes place annually, often coinciding with the spring season, and marks an important time for the Miao people to engage in various cultural and agricultural activities. The festival serves several key purposes:

1. Cultural Celebration: It is an opportunity for the Miao people to celebrate their unique identity, traditions, and cultural practices through music, dance, and art.
2. Agricultural Rituals: The festival is also associated with agricultural activities and rituals that honor the earth and the fertility of the land, acknowledging the essential role of agriculture in their lives.
3. Community Gathering: The Huashan Festival fosters unity among the Miao community, bringing together families and friends to celebrate, share, and strengthen communal bonds.

Local Activities

1. Traditional Performances:
   • The festival features colorful performances, including folk songs and dances that are integral to Miao culture. Spectacular traditional costumes, often adorned with intricate embroidery and silver jewelry, are worn during these performances.
2. Culinary Celebrations:
   • Local delicacies are prepared and shared during the festival, offering an opportunity for community members and visitors to savor Miao cuisine. Traditional dishes may include rice, meat, and locally sourced vegetables.
3. Artisan Displays:
   • The festival showcases the craftsmanship of the Miao people, with artisans displaying handmade goods such as embroidery, silverware, and other traditional crafts, allowing visitors to appreciate and purchase these unique creations.
4. Agricultural Blessings:
   • Rituals and ceremonies are conducted to bless the crops, invoke good fortune, and pray for a fruitful harvest. These rituals are often characterized by prayers, offerings, and traditional practices that reflect the Miao people’s connection to the land.
5. Sports and Competitions:
   • Various traditional games and competitions may take place during the festival. These activities foster friendly rivalry and community engagement, allowing participants to showcase their skills.
6. Cultural Exchanges:
   • The Huashan Festival may attract visitors from other regions and ethnic groups, promoting cultural exchange and understanding among different communities.

Significance

1. Cultural Preservation: The festival plays a vital role in preserving Miao cultural traditions, language, and practices, passing them on to younger generations.
2. Economic Opportunities: The Huashan Festival can boost local tourism and provide economic benefits to the community by attracting visitors who engage with local vendors, artisans, and cultural experiences.
3. Strengthening Community Ties: By gathering families and friends to celebrate together, the festival reinforces social bonds and communal identity among the Miao people.
4. Spiritual Connection: The agricultural rituals during the festival highlight the Miao people’s spiritual connection to nature, emphasizing their respect for the environment and agricultural practices.

In summary, the Huashan Festival in Malipo County is an essential cultural event for the Miao ethnic minority, celebrating their heritage through various performances, activities, and rituals that honor their traditions and promote community unity. It serves as a vibrant display of Miao culture and a significant occasion for agricultural and social festivities.

Overview of the Festival

• Chinese Name: 文山马关县小坝子闹兜阳
• English Name: Naodouyang Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Maguan County, Wenshan
• Location: Naodouyang Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority is held in Laodongzhai Village of Xiaobazi Town in Maguan County, Wenshan

The Naodouyang Festival is a vibrant and culturally rich event that showcases the unique traditions and heritage of the Miao people. This festival highlights the community’s agricultural practices, folklore, and social interactions, making it an important occasion for both cultural expression and community bonding.

The Naodouyang Festival typically takes place in the spring, marking a time of renewal and celebration of the harvest season. It serves as an opportunity for the Miao people to express gratitude for the earth’s bounty and to pray for good fortune in the upcoming agricultural year. The festival is characterized by rich cultural performances, traditional games, and various rituals that underscore the community’s connection to nature and their ancestors.

The Food Culture Festival is a celebration of the region’s rich culinary heritage and a testament to the importance of food in cultural identity. Through a variety of activities, including cooking competitions, cultural performances, and workshops, the festival showcases the flavors, techniques, and traditions of the diverse ethnic groups in the area. It not only promotes local cuisine but also fosters cultural exchange, community involvement, and appreciation for the culinary arts, making it a highlight in the region’s annual calendar of events.

Key Features and Activities of the Food Culture Festival

1. Culinary Exhibits

One of the highlights of the festival is the extensive showcase of local dishes. Many stalls and booths are set up to present traditional foods from various ethnic groups in the region, including the Zhuang, Yao, Hani, and Han communities. Visitors can sample a variety of delicious dishes made from locally sourced ingredients, such as rice, mushrooms, herbs, and various meats.

2. Cooking Competitions

Cooking contests often take place during the festival, where chefs and home cooks compete in preparing traditional dishes. These competitions celebrate both skill and creativity, encouraging participants to innovate while staying true to their culinary heritage. Judges typically evaluate dishes based on taste, presentation, and adherence to traditional methods.

3. Cultural Performances

In addition to food, the festival features cultural performances that highlight the rich traditions of the local ethnic groups. This includes traditional music and dance performances, showcasing regional instruments and attire. Spectacles like folk dances and theatrical performances add a lively atmosphere to the festival, allowing attendees to appreciate the cultural context behind the food.

4. Workshops and Demonstrations

Workshops and cooking demonstrations led by local chefs or culinary experts offer attendees an opportunity to learn about traditional cooking techniques and recipes. Participants may have the chance to engage hands-on with the cooking process, gaining insights into local culinary practices and ingredients.

5. Food Art and Presentation

The festival often includes competitions or displays related to food art, where chefs create visually stunning presentations using local ingredients. This aspect highlights the artistry of food preparation and presentation, promoting a deeper appreciation for culinary aesthetics.

6. Promoting Local Ingredients

Local farmers and producers take part in the festival by showcasing their ingredients, such as fresh vegetables, grains, herbs, and artisanal food products. This aspect of the festival emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices and supports local agriculture while promoting healthy eating.

7. Cultural Exchange and Community Engagement

The Food Culture Festival serves as a vital space for cultural exchange, where people from different backgrounds come together to share food and stories. This promotes understanding and appreciation of the diverse cultural heritage of Maguan County and fosters community engagement, strengthening social bonds among residents and visitors.

Overview

• Chinese Name:马关县苗族花山节
• English Name: Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Maguan County, Wenshan
• Location: Maguan County, Wenshan

The Huashan Festival, is a culturally rich and vibrant event that reflects the customs, beliefs, and artistic expressions of the Miao people. This festival is significant as it highlights the community’s agricultural practices and cultural heritage.The Huashan Festival is a significant cultural event for the Miao ethnic minority in Maguan County. It not only marks the agricultural calendar but also serves as a vital occasion for reinforcing cultural identity and community bonds. Through a wide array of activities that celebrate the Miao people’s heritage—ranging from music and dance to food and craft exhibitions—this festival embodies the rich traditions and resilience of the Miao community, ensuring the continuation of their cultural legacy through generations.

Origin and Significance

The Huashan Festival, also known as the “Flower Mountain Festival,” traditionally occurs in the spring, specifically around the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, coinciding with planting season. The festival is rooted in agricultural traditions and is believed to have originated as a way to pray for good harvests, ward off pests, and ensure favorable weather conditions for farming.

The festival is also a time for the Miao people to honor their ancestors, celebrate their cultural identity, and strengthen community bonds. During this time, various rituals and activities are performed to express gratitude for nature’s bounty and to celebrate life and fertility.

Local Activities

1. Worship and Rituals:
   • The festival begins with ceremonial activities to pay homage to ancestors and deities. Families offer sacrifices and perform rituals that include prayers, songs, and dances, invoking blessings for a prosperous agricultural season.
2. Traditional Costumes and Parades:
   • Participants dress in colorful traditional Miao attire, often adorned with intricate silver jewelry and other decorative elements. This vibrant display of clothing creates a festive atmosphere, and parades are held to showcase the community’s cultural heritage.
3. Music and Dance Performances:
   • The Huashan Festival is characterized by lively music and dance performances. Traditional Miao songs and dances are performed, often passed down through generations. These performances celebrate Miao folklore, history, and daily life.
4. Culinary Traditions:
   • Food is an essential part of the festival, and families prepare special dishes using locally sourced ingredients. Traditional foods may include rice, steamed dishes, and various local specialties. The communal meals symbolize unity and togetherness within the community.
5. Flower Contests and Displays:
   • The “flower” aspect of the festival is significant, as it often includes contests for the most beautiful flower arrangements, reflecting the Miao people’s connection to nature. These displays not only beautify the surroundings but also symbolize prosperity and abundance.
6. Games and Competitions:
   • Various traditional games and competitions are organized during the festival. These can include athletic competitions, traditional sports, and folk games that encourage participation and foster community spirit.
7. Cultural Exhibitions:
   • Local artisans may display their crafts, including textiles, embroidery, and silverwork. These exhibitions provide an opportunity for visitors to appreciate Miao craftsmanship and promote local artistry.
8. Beauty Pageants:
   • The festival may feature beauty contests that celebrate Miao aesthetics, with contestants showcasing traditional costumes and their cultural heritage.

Chinese Name: 丘北县八道哨彝族乡大布红村苗族花山节
English Name: Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Qiubei County, Wenshan
Location: 丘北县八道哨彝族乡大布红村/Huashan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority in Qiubei County is held in Dabuhong Village of Badaoshao Yi Ethnic Town.

The Huashan Festival is a vibrant cultural event that highlights the rich traditions, customs, and unique identity of the Miao people. This festival typically occurs on the 6th day of the 6th lunar month, coinciding with the summer harvest period, marking a time of celebration, community bonding, and cultural expression.

Origin of the Huashan Festival

The origins of the Huashan Festival can be traced back to the agricultural practices and spiritual beliefs of the Miao people. Traditionally, the festival serves as a way for the Miao community to celebrate the summer harvest, express gratitude to nature for its bounty, and pray for good fortune and successful agricultural yields in the coming year.

The festival’s name, “Huashan,” translates to “Flower Mountain,” symbolizing the Miao people’s deep connection with the mountains and nature. It is believed that this festival also has roots in ancient animistic beliefs where the Miao people honored deities and ancestral spirits, seeking their blessings for fertility, health, and prosperity.

Local Activities During the Huashan Festival

The Huashan Festival features a variety of lively activities that reflect the unique culture and traditions of the Miao people. Here are some key activities typically associated with the festival:

1. Traditional Singing and Dancing

Cultural performances play a central role during the Huashan Festival. The Miao people are known for their lively folk songs and vibrant dancing. Traditional performances often include beautiful and elaborate dances, with participants dressed in colorful traditional attire adorned with intricate silver jewelry. The community gathers to enjoy performances that celebrate their cultural heritage and express themes of love, celebration, and nature.

2. Flower Picking and Decoration

A significant part of the Huashan Festival involves flower picking and decoration. This practice symbolizes beauty and fertility. Participants gather wildflowers from the surrounding mountains to create garlands and adorn themselves and their homes. This activity not only emphasizes the connection to nature but also reflects the aesthetic traditions of the Miao people.

3. Offering Ceremonies

Rituals and offerings are integral to the Huashan Festival, where the Miao people pay homage to their ancestors and nature deities. Families prepare offerings of rice, fruits, meat, and other foods to express gratitude for the harvest and seek blessings for future crops. Ceremony participants often dress in traditional clothing, adding to the festival’s cultural vibrancy.

4. Culinary Exhibitions

Food plays a vital role in the festivities, with various traditional Miao dishes prepared and shared among families and friends. Signature dishes may include sour fish soup, sticky rice, and various herbal teas, emphasizing the region’s culinary diversity. Cooking competitions may also take place, allowing families to showcase their culinary skills.

5. Arts and Crafts

The Huashan Festival serves as a platform for artisans to display their traditional crafts and handiwork, including embroidery, weaving, and pottery. Visitors can appreciate the craftsmanship and artistry involved in creating these cultural artifacts. Workshops may also be available for participants to learn about these crafts and their significance.

6. Games and Competitions

Various games and competitions are organized during the Huashan Festival, fostering community spirit and friendly rivalry. Traditional sports may include tug-of-war, archery, and foot races. These activities provide entertainment and encourage social interactions among community members.

With a history of hundreds of years, Kaishan Festival(开山节)is Miao ethnic minority’s traditional festival which is passed on from generation to generation. In 2016, Kaishan Festival was listed as the county-level intangible cultural heritage reserve of Xiangyun County (祥云县). Kaishan Festival is held in Liziqing Miao Ethnic Village, Daying Village Committee, Hedian Town in Xiangyun County(祥云县禾甸镇大营村委会李子箐苗寨).

Audio-visual Feast

When you step into the Miao ethnic village, the etiquette you firstly get is the fragrant wine and enthusiastic toasting song. Beautiful Miao ethnic ladies will give you enthusiasm dyed with lantanas to show blessing and friendship for guests. The hanging basket feast(吊篮宴) will provide you with a chance to taste original ecology snacks of Miao ethnic village and feel lively spring coming from the high mountain.

Time

Kaishan Festival of Miao Ethnic Minority is held in Liziqing Miao Ethnic Village in Xiangyun County on January 15 of lunar calendar every year .

Holding Place

Liziqing Miao Ethnic Village, Daying Village Committee, Hedian Town（禾甸镇大营村委会李子箐苗寨）

Li Zijing Village Miao “Mountain Opening Festival”

Overview:

The “Mountain Opening Festival” is a traditional Miao ethnic celebration that has been passed down through generations, with a history of over a hundred years. In 2016, it was included in the intangible cultural heritage list of Xiangyun County.

According to legend, the Miao people, who migrated for thousands of years and struggled against harsh natural conditions, once lived by hunting in remote mountain areas. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, Li Zijing Miao Village celebrates the festival with a ceremony to honor their ancestors and mark the beginning of a year’s labor and hunting activities. During the festival, the Miao people erect a mountain god altar, play traditional reed pipes, and gather from all directions to sing, dance, and drink sweet wine. They pray for a good harvest, favorable weather, and safe and successful hunting for the year.

Welcome Ceremony:

• Welcome Gate: The distinctive entrance gate for the festival.
• Unique Pouring Method: Traditional way of serving drinks.
• Welcome Wine: Sweet Miao wine served to guests.
• Friendly Miao Women: Warm greetings from local Miao women.
• Toast Songs: Traditional songs performed to celebrate.
• Festive Atmosphere: The lively scene of the welcome event.

Mountain Opening Ceremony:

• Ceremony Site: The location where the rituals are performed.
• Ritual Activities: Various traditional rites conducted during the festival.
• Ritual Items: Objects used in the ceremonial practices.
• Miao Men with Bows and Crossbows: Traditional weapons used in rituals.
• Unique Ritual Methods: Traditional Miao practices during the festival.

Festival Performances:

• Passionate Speeches: Enthusiastic addresses by festival organizers.
• Miao Host: Emcee with traditional Miao flair.
• Simple and Rustic Setting: Traditional and down-to-earth festival atmosphere.
• Beautiful Miao Dances: Elegant dances performed by the Miao people.
• Miao Songs: Emotional performances of Miao folk songs.
• Singing and Dancing: Joyful participation by the villagers.
• Inspirational Stories: Stories of resilience, including those of disabled Miao girls.
• Mountain Songs: Traditional mountain songs performed.
• Children’s Dance Performances: Energetic dance acts by local children.
• Miao Fashion Show: Display of traditional Miao clothing.
• Community Dancing: Enjoying the afternoon with group dances.

Hunting Activities:

• Hunting Grounds: The areas where hunting takes place.
• Hunters: Miao men engaged in hunting.
• Start of the Hunt: The beginning of the hunting activities.
• Successful Hunts: Hunters showcasing their successful catches.
• Return and Sharing: Sharing the results of the hunt with the community.
• Tasty Results: Tempting results of the hunting effort.

Daily Life and Production:

• Field Work: Farming and agricultural activities.
• Oxen Plowing: Use of oxen in agricultural work.
• Collecting Firewood: Miao women returning with firewood.
• Hardworking Miao Women: Depictions of daily labor and diligence.

Experience Li Zijing Village:

In Li Zijing Miao Village, the “Mountain Opening Festival” retains its traditional charm, reflecting the Miao people’s ideals and pursuits for life and their environment.

Charming Li Zijing Village:

• Pine Needle Roads: Pine needles lining the village paths.
• Red Lanterns and Ancient Homes: Traditional decorations and architecture.
• Organic Eggs: Fresh, locally produced eggs.
• Mountain Beauty: The scenic beauty of the surrounding mountains.
• Miao Girls: Traditional Miao attire and accessories.
• Grass Stacks: Unique styles of traditional grass storage.
• Miao Costumes: Elegant traditional clothing.
• Miao Headgear: Intricate Miao headpieces.
• Kind Miao Elderly: Warm and welcoming elder villagers.
• Miao Youth: Stylish young Miao men.
• Traditional Beauty: The inherent beauty of Miao culture and attire.

Li Zijing Village is like a precious pearl, nestled on the eastern side of Daying Village in Hedian Town, Xiangyun County. The mountains, waters, and people here embody a poetic charm. The trees, wind, and air offer a lingering, irresistible comfort.

Visiting Li Zijing is like opening a magical book, where every visitor and reader will find their own story. The beauty here is a blend of misty and rustic elements, from leisurely chess games under trees to enjoying wine among flowers and savoring tea in courtyards.

Walking through Li Zijing, immerse yourself in the century-old history of the Miao people and their timeless grace. The warm and hospitable Li Zijing Village always welcomes you!

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