“Ang Ma Tu” Sacrificial Festival of Hani Ethnic Minority in Yuanyang County, Honghe 

The “Ang Ma Tu” Sacrificial Festival (红河州元阳县祭寨神林（哈尼族昂玛突节）) is a significant traditional festival of the Hani ethnic minority, particularly in Yuanyang County, which is located in the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China. The Hani people are known for their rich cultural heritage and their remarkable rice terrace farming, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site in Yuanyang.

Festival Characteristics:

• Sacrificial Rituals: “Ang Ma Tu” is a sacrificial festival where the Hani people offer sacrifices to the spirits of their ancestors, the heavens, the earth, and other deities to pray for good weather, a bountiful harvest, and the overall well-being of their community.

• Folklore and Mythology: The festival is deeply rooted in Hani folklore and mythology. It often involves reciting ancient legends and singing traditional songs that have been passed down through generations.

• Community Participation: The festival is a community event where families gather, and everyone participates in the rituals. It is a time for reunion, solidarity, and the reaffirmation of social bonds within the Hani community.

• Cultural Performances: Dance, music, and other cultural performances are integral parts of the festival. The Hani people wear traditional costumes and perform dances that are unique to their culture.

• Food and Drink: As with many ethnic festivals, food plays a crucial role. There are communal meals featuring local specialties, and often, homemade rice wine is shared among the participants.

Travel Tips:

• Respectful Observation: If you are visiting during the festival, it is essential to observe the rituals respectfully. The sacrificial ceremonies are sacred to the Hani people, and outsiders should maintain a demeanor that shows respect for their traditions.

• Local Guides: It can be beneficial to have a local guide who can explain the significance of the various aspects of the festival and help communicate with the Hani people, many of whom may speak limited Mandarin and their own Hani language.

• Photography: Always ask for permission before taking photos, especially during the more solemn parts of the festival.

• Accommodations: Yuanyang is a popular destination for photographers and travelers interested in ethnic cultures, so book accommodations in advance, especially during festival periods.

• Transportation: Yuanyang County is accessible by bus from Kunming, the capital city of Yunnan Province. The journey can take several hours, so plan accordingly.

When and Where:

The “Ang Ma Tu” Sacrificial Festival does not have a fixed date as it is based on the lunar calendar and local agricultural cycles. It typically occurs annually, and the specific timing should be confirmed with local resources before planning a visit. The festival takes place in various Hani villages throughout Yuanyang County, each with its own schedule and specific rituals.

Attending the “Ang Ma Tu” Sacrificial Festival offers a unique opportunity to witness the deep spiritual and cultural practices of the Hani people, and it provides an immersive experience into one of China’s many diverse ethnic traditions.