Jianjiaodong Neolithic Site in Xuanwei City, Qujing
Overview
The Jianjiaodong Neolithic Site (尖角洞新石器遗址, Jianjiaodong Xinshiqi Yizhi) is an archaeological treasure located in Xuanwei City (宣威市, Xuanwei Shi), Qujing (曲靖, Qujing). Dating back approximately 3,000 years, this site is situated 500 meters south of Geyi Town (格宜镇, Ge Yi Zhen) at the foothills of Xiaohong Mountain (小红山, Xiao Hong Shan) and is characterized by its limestone cave formations.
Location and Significance
Jianjiaodong is notable as one of the earliest indicators of human activity in Xuanwei. The cave entrance, situated over 100 meters above the ground, features a distinctive arrowhead shape, leading to its name “Jianjiaodong” (尖角洞, Jianjiaodong). It is recognized for its cultural significance, reflecting a blend of influences from the Dianchi (滇池, Dianchi) and Zhaotong (昭通, Zhaotong) regions. The site offers a glimpse into the lives of Neolithic people and their adaptations to the environment.
Discoveries and Excavations
In July 1983, a team of archaeologists discovered a variety of stone tools and pottery fragments within the cave. The findings included:
- Stone Tools: 3 polished stone tools, 6 stone chisels, 1 perforated stone knife, and 1 flaked stone tool, all classified as polished stone artifacts.
- Pottery Fragments: An extensive collection of pottery shards.
These artifacts were dated to the middle to late Neolithic period. Further excavations from December 2012 to January 2013 revealed over 6,000 pottery shards and nearly 100 stone tools, confirming Jianjiaodong as the only Neolithic cave site discovered in Qujing.
Cultural Layers
The cultural deposits within Jianjiaodong are stratified into two primary layers:
- Upper Layer: Contains modern accumulations, with a mix of limestone debris and numerous pottery shards indicative of more recent habitation.
- Lower Layer: Comprises fragments of artifacts, charcoal, and animal bones, suggesting a long history of human use and habitation.
The cave’s layout features distinct areas for living and sleeping, showcasing the daily life of its ancient inhabitants.
Historical Context
Xuanwei boasts a rich history, with evidence of human existence dating back to the Neolithic era. The Jianjiaodong site is often cited as a significant representation of this period, emphasizing the area’s long-standing human activity and cultural development. The phrase “New Stone Age” often referenced in local promotions directly pertains to Jianjiaodong.
Travel Information
Accessing Jianjiaodong
Geyi Town is located about 42 kilometers from Xuanwei’s city center. With the new highway, the distance is reduced to just 29 kilometers, making travel time approximately 30 minutes. The cave is located southeast of Geyi Town on Xiaohong Mountain, with a well-maintained cement road leading directly to the mountain’s base. A 20-minute walk will take you to the cave entrance.
Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to April) is ideal for witnessing the beauty of blooming flowers.
- What to Bring: Comfortable hiking shoes, sufficient water, snacks, and a camera for capturing the scenic views.
- Local Culture: Engage with local residents to learn more about their traditions and the significance of Jianjiaodong in their history.
- Safety Precautions: Ensure to check weather conditions before your visit, and consider going in a group for safety.
Nearby Attractions
Huaxiaogou (花小沟, Huaxiaogou)
Located just 7 kilometers from Geyi Town, Huaxiaogou offers a vibrant, green landscape filled with lush trees and grass. Between March and April, the area bursts into color with blooming rhododendrons, and the gentle streams create perfect conditions for camping and nature activities. It’s an ideal destination for eco-tourism, combining flower viewing, outdoor recreation, and rural tourism.
Hóngqūyán Cǎoshān (红渠岩草山, Hongquyan Caoshan)
Hóngqūyán Cǎoshān is located in Adu Village (阿都村, Adu Cun), approximately 28 kilometers from the Adu Township Government (阿都乡, Adu Xiang). At an elevation of 2,165 meters, it features rolling hills and stunning vistas, making it a perfect spot for relaxation and leisurely hikes. The expansive views of the surrounding mountains make it an excellent destination for both recreation and photography.
The Jianjiaodong Neolithic Site is a crucial piece of Yunnan’s historical puzzle, offering insights into ancient human life and culture. Its proximity to stunning natural attractions enhances its appeal, making it a must-visit destination for history buffs and nature lovers alike. Whether you are delving into the depths of history or exploring the beautiful landscapes, Jianjiaodong and its surroundings promise a rewarding experience.
