Xiaoweixi Catholic Church in Weixi County, Diqing
Overview
The Xiaoweixi Catholic Church (小维西天主教堂), also known as the Sacred Heart Church (圣心堂), is located in Xiaoweixi Village (小维西村) within the Baijixun Township (白济讯乡) of Weixi Lisu Autonomous County (维西傈僳族自治县), Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省). Established in the sixth year of the Guangxu era (1880 AD), it took one year to complete. Covering an area of approximately 6 acres, the church features a main hall surrounded by front and back courtyards, as well as gardens and vegetable plots.
Historical Development
The Xiaoweixi Catholic Church was built under the guidance of foreign missionary Ding Deliang (丁德良) in 1881. Before the liberation, it housed a church-run primary school with over 60 students. The church also provided medical services and sheltered elderly individuals with disabilities. Religious activities ceased during the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命), but in 1984, policies allowed the church to be returned to the congregation, which led to a revival of activities. The county government provided funding for renovations starting in 1985, turning it into the center for Catholic activities in Weixi County.
In 1989, it was designated as a cultural heritage site of Weixi County, and in 2012, it was further recognized as a cultural heritage site of Diqing Prefecture. The protected area spans 1966.38 square meters.
Main Attractions
The church complex is symmetrically arranged along a central axis, featuring the main entrance, the Sacred Heart Church, dormitories for male and female students, classrooms, an elderly care facility, a pharmacy, storage rooms, and a dining hall, alongside a vineyard, orchard, and garden. Despite historical challenges, the main structure, the Sacred Heart Church, remains well-preserved.
Architectural Features
- Sacred Heart Church: The core of the Xiaoweixi Catholic Church, it faces northeast with a “T” shaped layout. The building showcases traditional Chinese and Western architectural styles, featuring a heavy eaved roof covered in blue tiles and wooden structural elements.
- Interior Design: The main hall’s ceiling is adorned with celestial motifs, including 60 star illustrations and 170 stars. The walls are decorated with colorful paintings depicting auspicious Chinese motifs like “Phoenix and Peony” (凤凰牡丹图) and “Water Birds and Lotus” (水鸟荷花图), as well as biblical stories and Catholic doctrines.
- Main Entrances: The church has two entrances: one traditional Chinese style (Gate 1) and an iron-gate style (Gate 2). The first gate features intricate wooden carvings and a cross atop the roof, while the second serves as a vehicle entrance and emergency exit.
Unique Features
The Xiaoweixi Catholic Church is the oldest Catholic church in Weixi County and Diqing Prefecture that is well-preserved. The church’s compact structure, decorative ridge carvings, and elegant craftsmanship represent a rare blend of Chinese temple architecture and Western church features. Its unique design embodies the typical Bahteli style of church architecture.
The church stands as a crucial physical evidence of the famous Weixi Catholic incident during the late Qing Dynasty, providing valuable insights into the history of Catholicism in the region. This architectural gem not only holds significant historical and artistic value but also serves as an important site for the study of local religious culture and customs.
How to Get There
- By Car: The church is accessible via car. From the nearest urban center, travel towards Baijixun Township, following local road signs to Xiaoweixi Village. Parking may be available near the church.
- Public Transport: Public transport options may be limited, so consider hiring a taxi or joining a local tour group for convenience.
Travel Tips
- Visiting Duration: Allocate about 1-2 hours for your visit to explore the church and its surroundings thoroughly.
- Best Time to Visit: The church can be visited year-round, but consider going during daylight hours for the best lighting for photography.
- Cultural Sensitivity: As this is a religious site, dress modestly and respect local customs and practices.
- Photography: Be mindful when taking photos inside the church, as some areas may have restrictions.
- Local Amenities: There may be limited dining options nearby, so plan accordingly. Bringing snacks or water is recommended.
